Varieties of Religious Belief
atheism – No Gods exist.
agnosticism – Knowledge about God(s) is impossible; OR, knowledge about God(s) is not something that I possess.
deism – God exists, but he is not currently active in the universe.
monotheism – There is one, and only one, God.
henotheism – I worship one God, but there may be more.
monism – All is one.
dualism – All is two (most commonly good/evil or male/female).
impersonal idealism – God is an impersonal system of values that is worthy of worship.
pantheism – All that exists is God.
panentheism – God interpenetrates all of nature, but has an existence apart from nature.
animism – Everything has a soul.
“soft” polytheisms - "soft" polytheism refers to a version of polytheism that either denies the literal existence or the uniqueness of the gods.
functional polytheism – Symbolic use of polytheistic theology and terminology as a ritual tool or useful concept, without literal belief in the existence of multiple gods.
archetypal polytheism – Belief in multiple gods/goddesses as representing psychological (Jungian) archetypes, or elements of the human personality; belief that there are a relatively small set of unique gods/goddesses, and that gods/goddesses from different cultures who have similar personalities and domains are representations of the same god/goddess.
polytheism “plus” – polytheism “plus” one of the non-polytheist beliefs above. IE:
polytheism + monism – There are multiple Gods, but they are all aspects of one divine Force; OR, there are multiple Gods, and there is also a divine Force.
(also known as “monolatry”)
polytheism + dualism – There are multiple Gods, but they are all aspects of one of the two divine Forces (“all Gods are one God, all Goddesses are one Goddess”).
“hard” polytheisms - "hard" polytheism refers to a version of polytheism that believes in the literal existence of multiple gods/goddesses, with unique personalities, who are not reducible to one supreme god or source or god/goddess pair.
panpolytheism - Belief in all gods/goddesses, moving between pantheons at will; extreme eclectic polytheism.
henopolytheism - Devotion in one pantheon or set of gods/goddesses, without denying the existence of other gods/goddesses outside of that set.
single-pantheon polytheism - Belief in one pantheon or set of gods/goddesses, to the exclusion of all others.
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